What is hydrothermal liquefaction process?
Hydrothermal liquefaction is a process in which the macromolecules making up the biomass are hydrolyzed or degraded by means of water at average temperatures and high pressures. This process is usually carried out in temperature ranges between 280°C and 370°C and pressures that are in the range from 10 to 25 MPa [19].
Is algae a micro or macro?
Macroalgae are commonly known as seaweeds while microalgae are commonly known as phytoplankton. Macroalgae are large and multicellular aquatic photosynthetic plant-like organisms. Hence, they are visible to our naked eye. In contrast, microalgae are small and unicellular aquatic photosynthetic plant-like organisms.
What is micro and macro algae?
Microalgae and macroalgae are the two major types of algae based on cellularity. Microalgae are unicellular algal species that may either live singly or in colonies. Macroalgae are multicellular algal species. They are commonly called seaweeds because they can grow profusely at any time.
What is thermochemical liquefaction?
(a) Definition. ‘Direct Thermochemical Liquefaction’ is the controlled thermal degradation of biomass in any form to derive valuable energy and chemical products. It includes thermal and catalytic fast pyrolysis, hydrothermal and solvo-thermal liquefaction.
How does hydrothermal carbonization work?
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical conversion process that uses heat to convert wet biomass feedstocks to hydrochar.
What is biomass liquefaction?
Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass is the thermochemical conversion of biomass into liquid fuels by processing in a hot, pressurized water environment for sufficient time to break down the solid biopolymeric structure to mainly liquid components.
What is a macro algae?
Macroalgae or seaweeds are a polyphyletic group of multicellular algae: red, green, and brown algae inhabiting the littoral zone to a depth with sufficient light to drive photosynthesis (Hurd et al., 2014). From: Coastal Wetlands, 2019.
Is seaweed macro algae?
Macroalgae is a collective term used for seaweeds and other benthic (attached to the bottom) marine algae that are generally visible to the naked eye. Larger macroalgae are also referred to as seaweeds, although they are not really “weeds”.
What is the difference between macroalgae and marine plants?
While seagrasses are considered vascular plants and have roots, stems and leaves, seaweed are multi-cellular algae and have little or no vascular tissues….There are important distinctions between seagrasses and seaweed.
| Feature | Seagrass | Macroalgae (Seaweed) |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Species Worldwide | 55 | 5,000-6,000 |
What is liquefaction of biomass?
Background on hydrothermal liquefaction. Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass is the thermochemical conversion of biomass into liquid fuels by processing in a hot, pressurized water environment for sufficient time to break down the solid biopolymeric structure to mainly liquid components.
What is biochemical conversion?
Biochemical Pathway and Processes for Conversion of Organic Materials to Energy. Biochemical conversion processes include anaerobic digestion or decomposition and anaerobic fermentation. These processes occur at lower temperatures and lower reaction rates compared to thermochemical processes.
What is Dendro liquid energy?
Dendro Liquid Energy (DLE) is a recent technology in the waste-to-energy space. It involves throwing in a reactor all types of mixed waste, including plastics and wood, to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which in turn are used to generate electricity.
Does hydrothermal carbonization operate at low pressure?
In hydrothermal carbonization at a low temperature, the pressure is usually built up by water vapor and so depends on the volume of the autoclave and also on the amount of water. Therefore, the higher temperature causes higher pressure, and consequently the pressure is not presented in most reports in the literature.
What are the three types of hydrothermal processing of biomass?
What are the three types of hydrothermal processing of biomass? Explanation: Hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrothermal gasification and hydrothermal carbonisation are the three types of hydrothermal processes.
How fast does macro algae grow?
Under the right conditions, biomass can increase 150 percent per month.
Is macro algae a plant?
Macroalgae are benthic plants, with a few exceptions. This means they are found at the bottom of the seabed or are attached to rocks, shells, boats hulls, or natural reefs.
Why is macro algae important?
Macroalgae play important roles in the ecology of coral reefs. They are the major food source for a wide variety of herbivores and are the basis of the reef food-web, they are major reef formers, and they create habitat for invertebrates and vertebrates of ecological and economic importance.
What liquefaction of biomass is carried out at?
Liquefaction is a promising thermochemical conversion process that is applied to convert biomass into bio-oil (target product), biochar, and gases. The process is usually carried out in water or another suitable solvent at 250–400 °C under pressures of 5–25 MPa.
What are the three types of biochemical conversion?
Biochemical conversion processes make use of the enzymes of bacteria and other microorganisms to break down biomass. In most of the case, microorganisms are used to perform the conversion process: anaerobic digestion, fermentation, and composting.