How is MMP-9 produced?
MMP-9 is secreted by a wide number of cell types, including neutrophils, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Neutrophils contain multiple proteases, such as serine proteases (elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3), MMPs (MMP-8 and -9), and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA).
Is MMP-9 secreted?
MMP-9 is secreted by a wide number of cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Circulating MMP-9 increases at day 1 and remains elevated until day 7 post-MI in mice.
What does MMP-9 do?
MMP9 plays several important functions within neutrophil action, such as degrading extracellular matrix, activation of IL-1β, and cleavage of several chemokines. In a mouse model, MMP9 deficiency resulted in resistance to endotoxin shock, suggesting that MMP9 is important in sepsis.
How do I activate MMP?
The MMP activation by reactive oxygen is driven through preferential oxidation of the thiol–zinc interaction and autocatalytic cleavage, followed by enzyme inactivation with extended exposure by modification of amino acids critical for catalytic activity, as shown in vitro for MMP-7 [30].
How are MMPs activated?
A ProMT-MMP is activated during transport to the cell surface by an intracellular furin-like serine proteinase, at the cell surface by plasmin, or by non-proteolytic conformational changes.
How are MMPs secreted?
MMPs are secreted as proenzymes, which are activated by proteolytic cleavage and regulated by a family of inhibitors called the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which are constitutively produced by a variety of cells.
Is MMP-9 Pro inflammatory?
Taken together, our results are in line with most data derived from human studies and document a proinflammatory role for MMP9 in immunologically mediated disease.
Are MMPs cytokines?
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in tissue remodeling and disease processes such as arthritis and cancer. In addition to modifying extracellular matrix proteins, MMPs are intimately involved in the regulation of the activities of cytokines and cytokine receptors.
What is MMP enzyme?
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes that in concert are responsible for the degradation of most extracellular matrix proteins during organogenesis, growth and normal tissue turnover.
What activates MMP?
Where are MMPs expressed?
Similar to the findings of Zhang and colleagues [45], we identified MMP-13 protein to be predominately expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. The expression of the two gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, in breast cancer is well investigated in many studies using different methods [13, 16, 19, 20, 41, 46].
What is the difference between mouse MMP9 and human MMP 9?
Mouse MMP9 is slightly larger than human MMP9, and the antibody detects a band at about 105 Kd. It is recommend to concentrate samples by Gelatin-agarose affinity chromatography prior to Western blot usage.
How is MMP-9 detected in immersion fixed mouse splenocytes?
MMP-9 was detected in immersion fixed mouse splenocytes using Goat Anti-Mouse MMP-9 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF909) at 5 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue).
How does detect detect mouse MMP-9 in direct ELISAs and western blots?
Detects mouse MMP-9 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots, approximately 10% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) MMP-9 is observed and less than 2% cross-reactivity with rhMMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -10, -12, and -13 is observed. Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose.
What is the difference between mouse MMP9 and SDS PAGE?
Detects a band of approximately 92-95 kDa (pro-form) and 82kDa (active form) (Human samples). Mouse MMP9 is larger, and on SDS PAGE gels runs about 102-105 kDa. Dilution optimised using Chromogenic detection. 1/1000. Detects a band of approximately 92 kDa.