How is caspase 4 activated?
Activation of caspase-4 by Legionella pneumophila is independent of caspase-1 and IL-1β maturation but induces cell death and IL-1α secretion in human macrophages. Caspase-4 activated by intracellular LPS controls both IL-1α and IL-1β secretion, as well as cell death.
What do caspases do?
Caspases are involved in cell death mediated by apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis and autophagy. Caspase function is not limited to cell death. Non-apoptotic roles of caspases include proliferation, tumor suppression, differentiation, neural development and axon guidance and aging.
What do Inflammasomes do?
The inflammasomes are innate immune system receptors/sensors that regulate the activation of caspase-1 and induce inflammation in response to infectious microbes and molecules derived from host proteins. It has been implicated in a host of inflammatory disorders.
What is a caspase assay?
The Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Assay(a,b) is a homogeneous, luminescent assay that measures caspase-3 and -7 activities. The assay provides a luminogenic caspase-3/7 substrate, which contains the tetrapeptide sequence DEVD, in a reagent optimized for caspase activity, luciferase activity and cell lysis.
How do inflammasomes cause inflammation?
How many types of inflammasomes are there?
Four types of inflammasomes have been identified: Aim2 (absentinmelanoma2), thepyrin domain-containing NLRP1 (nucleotide-binding domainleucine-richrepeat-containing receptor1, also called NALP), NLRP3, and NLRC4 (Nod-likereceptorCARD domain-containing 4)8.
What is caspase-3 7 activity assay?
Is pyroptosis a type of apoptosis?
Pyroptosis, as a form of programmed cell death, has many morphological differences as compared to apoptosis. Both pyroptosis and apoptosis undergo chromatin condensation, but during apoptosis, the nucleus breaks into multiple chromatin bodies; in pyroptosis, the nucleus remains intact.
What is the caspase 4 assay kit (colorimetric)?
Abcam’s Caspase 4 Assay Kit (Colorimetric) provides a simple and convenient means for assaying the activity of caspases that recognize the sequence LEVD. The assay is based on spectrophotometric detection of the chromophore p-nitroanilide (p-NA) after cleavage from the labeled substrate LEVD-p-NA.
What is the function of caspase-4?
Caspase-4 is homologous with mouse caspase-12, an ER-located caspase which has been shown to play an essential role in ER stress-induced apoptosis [26]. Since the caspase-12 homolog in most human populations is silenced by a frame shift mutation and premature stop codon, it was suggested that caspase-4 might fulfill a similar function [27].
What determines specificity of caspase enzymes?
A comparison of the specificities of the human caspase family reveals several key features. The results of this PS-SCL divide these enzymes into three major groups, and indicate that S 4 is the single most important determinant of specificity among caspases.
Are Erer-resident pro-caspases functionally relevant in humans?
ER-resident functionally relevant pro-caspases in humans are caspases 2 and 4 and, like caspase 8, are considered ‘initiator’ caspases.