Can hydralazine cause liver damage?
In hydralazine-induced hepatitis, liver damage is variable; it may present as hypersensitivity reaction, mixed hepatocellular injury, cholestatic jaundice, and centrilobular necrosis. Hydralazine metabolites hydrazine and acetyl-hydrazine may be involved in liver damage.
What causes cholestatic hepatitis?
Acute canalicular (cholestatic) hepatitis is most commonly caused by certain drugs, such as psychopharmacologics, antibiotics, and anabolic steroids or, at times, by hepatitis viruses. The symptoms are generally those of biliary obstruction and include itching, jaundice, and light-coloured stools.
What drugs cause cholestatic liver injury?
Some common drugs associated with cholestatic injury include chlorpromazine, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, cimetidine, phenytoin, naproxen, captopril, erythromycin, azithromycin, and dicloxacillin. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is also an important cause of cholestatic jaundice.
What drugs cause drug induced cholestasis?
Many drugs can cause cholestasis, including:
- Ampicillin and other penicillin-based antibiotics.
- Anabolic steroids.
- Chlorpromazine.
- Cimetidine.
- Erythromycin estolate.
- Estradiol.
- Gold salts.
- Imipramine.
What are the side effects of hydralazine?
Hydralazine may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
- flushing.
- headache.
- upset stomach.
- vomiting.
- loss of appetite.
- diarrhea.
- constipation.
- eye tearing.
How is hydralazine metabolized?
Hydralazine is metabolized primarily by N-acetylation in the liver. It also forms hydrazones (i.e., the acetone hydrazone and the pyruvic acid hydrazone), which may contribute to the BP-lowering effect.
What is the main cause of cholestasis?
Among the most common causes of cholestatic liver disease are primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
What is the meaning of cholestatic hepatitis?
Bilirubin is the substance that causes jaundice, or the yellow-orange color of someone with a serious liver problem. If you put these two terms together, it’s easy to see that “cholestatic hepatitis” is any form of liver disease that causes inflammation of the liver and a problem with bile transport.
Which drugs cause drug induced hepatitis?
Aspirin and over-the-counter pain and fever medicines (NSAIDs or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines) Anabolic steroids, man-made medicines that are like the male sex hormone testosterone. Some medicines used to treat bacterial infections (antibiotics) Birth control pills (oral contraceptives)
Which drug class is associated with the highest incidence of drug induced liver failure?
In the United States, antibiotics and antiepileptic drugs are the most common drug classes associated with DILI, but HDS are on the rise as a cause. Management of DILI involves the removal of the offending agent and the use of N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen-induced liver injury.
What drugs cause drug-induced hepatitis?
What causes drug-induced hepatitis?
- Pain and fever medicines that have acetaminophen.
- Aspirin and over-the-counter pain and fever medicines (NSAIDs or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines)
- Anabolic steroids, man-made medicines that are like the male sex hormone testosterone.
What medications can cause hepatitis?
Medicines can inflame the liver, causing drug-induced hepatitis. Excessive doses of painkillers, fever reducers, and NSAIDs can lead to hepatitis.
When should you not give hydralazine?
Because hydralazine stimulates cardiac muscle, it may cause chest pain, angina attacks, and ECG changes. Associated with a higher risk of heart attack; therefore, should not be used in people with coronary artery disease.
What are the contraindications of hydralazine?
The following conditions are contraindicated with this drug….Who should not take HYDRALAZINE HCL?
- heart attack within the last 30 days.
- coronary artery disease.
- a stroke.
- low blood pressure.
- a condition with symptoms that resemble lupus.
- high pressure within the skull.
- decreased blood volume.
- slow acetylator.
What are side effects of hydralazine?
What causes elevated bile acids?
Bile acid levels are increased in the serum and liver in patients with obstructive jaundice or cholestasis and, perhaps because of their inherent detergent activities, can cause hepatocyte injury. Thus, increased bile acid levels in hepatocytes may account for some of the liver damage in cholestatic liver diseases.
Which enzyme is elevated in case of cholestasis?
Biochemical markers of cholestasis include elevated serum al- kaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels. 6 These enzymes are located in the plasma mem- brane of hepatocytes.
What medications are hepatotoxic?
The 10 most frequently implicated drugs were: amoxicillin-clavulanate, flucloxacillin, erythromycin, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim, isoniazid, disulfiram, Ibuprofen and flutamide [12,13,14,21].